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Home | Research | DED |CVD |ECD | EMD | HPD | LCD | LSD | TUD | Disclaimer | Copyright JUNE 2009 - REPORT HIGHLIGHTS - Healthy Populations Domain [HPD] - HIGHLIGHTS (10) Ronald LABONTE, Professor, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Nazeem MUHAJARINE,Professor, Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Saskatchewan Population Health Evaluation Research Unit, University of Saskatchewan; Brandace WINQUIST,PhD Candidate, Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan; Jacqueline QUAIL, Saskatchewan Health Quality Council Be HEALTHY POPULATION DOMAIN [HPD] - 10 WELLBEING INDICATORS 1 Health-adjusted life expectancy 2 Diabetes 3 Depression 4 Life expectancy at birth 5 Infant mortality 6 Smoking 7 Patient satisfaction with health services 8 Population with a regular family doctor 9 Influenza immunisation among age 65+ 10 Self-rated health C HIGHLIGHTS (10) - Healthy Populations Domain [HPD] The following are the key highlights from the Healthy Populations domain research study: a We’re Living Longer b But We’re Not Living Better c We Don’t Feel as Healthy as we Used To d More Teenagers are Reporting Health Problems e Money and Education Matter f We’re Putting on Weight – and it’s Making us Sick g Fewer Canadians are Depressed, but Rates are Still High h Some of us are Adopting Healthier Lifestyles i We’re Happy with our Health Care Services j There are Interesting Geographic Differences a We’re Living Longer 1 Canada’s life expectancy rates are among the best in the world. We have made consistent gains over the past decades. On average, a Canadian born in 2005 could expect to live to 80.4 years, up from 74.9 years in 1979. 2 Women continue to live longer than men – 82.7 years compared to 78 years in 2005. But men are catching up – life expectancy for men has increased by 6.6 years since 1979, compared to 3.9 years for women. 3 Life expectancies are substantially shorter in all three northern territories – shockingly shorter in Nunavut where a child born in 2004 could expect to live only 70.4 years – more than 10 years less than the national average. This mirrors the poor health status and life expectancy of Aboriginal peoples, who make up 85% of Nunavut’s population. b But We’re Not Living Better 1 Taking into account the limitations brought on by disease and disability, the number of years lived in full health for Canadian women is not substantially different in 2005 than it was in 1991. Canadian men, however, made slight gains during this period. 2 Gains in health-adjusted life expectancy for Canadian women and men peaked in 1996 (59.7 and 55.7 years of expected good health respectively) and have since started to drop. Canadians are increasingly likely to develop a chronic disease or mental illness during their lifetime. c We Don’t Feel as Healthy as we Used To 1 The proportion of Canadians who considered themselves as having very good or excellent health peaked in 1998 at 65.2% and decreased dramatically in 2003 to 58.4%. Self-rated health rebounded slightly in 2005, but is still considerably lower than it was 10 years earlier. d More Teenagers are Reporting Health Problems 1 The decline in the share of the population that considers itself in excellent or very good health is most marked among Canadian teenagers. Whereas over 80% of 12–19 year olds reported excellent or very good health in 1998, only 67% did so in 2005. 2 This is matched by a steadily increasing share of teenagers who report problems with everyday functions (memory, thinking and mental wellbeing), an increase of 6.4 percentage points. e Money and Education Matter 1 Higher incomes and higher levels of education are associated with longer life expectancy and better self-reported health. The positive impact of income and education is most marked among women. 2 At higher levels of income they are equally likely as men to consider themselves in very good or excellent health. Notably, income increases in the lower income brackets have the greatest impact in reducing the prevalence of diabetes and depression. f We’re Putting on Weight – and it’s Making us Sick 1 The number of Canadians who are obese grew from 12.7% in 1994 to 16% in 2007. Obesity is linked to a number of chronic health conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, heart disease and cancer. 2 Excess weight is the single most important cause of diabetes. Diabetes rates have almost doubled over the past 10 years with the greatest rise in the 35 and over age groups. 3 Diabetes rates are especially high among Aboriginal Canadians. In 2001, 11% of adults on selected reserves reported diabetes – more than three times the level of the general population. Among First Nations people living off-reserve, diabetes rates were over 8%. Rates of other chronic diseases are also higher among Aboriginal Canadians. These measures capture just a small portion of the long-known health disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians, a health gap that in recent years has narrowed somewhat, but which still remains unacceptably large. g Fewer Canadians are Depressed, but Rates are Still High 1 The likelihood of depression has decreased among Canadians of all ages in recent years after rates peaked in 2000/2001. The rate increased from 5.2% in 1994 to 7.1% in 2000 before dropping back to 5.2 % in 2005. However, depression rates were still higher in 2005 for Canadians aged 20–64 than they were in 1996/97. h Some of us are Adopting Healthier Lifestyles 1 The percentage of Canadians who use tobacco continues to decline, particularly among youth, where the rate dropped by 42% between 1994 and 2007. The gender gap (girls used to smoke more than boys) has disappeared. But smoking rates among those 20-34 and 45-65 went up between 2005 and 2007. 2 The proportion of Canadians getting physical activity has increased steadily over the past decade. But physical activity rates for all ages and both sexes declined slightly between 2005 and 2007. This may be cause for concern and careful monitoring. 3 The fact that obesity rates have gone up despite an increase in physical activity suggests that the physical activity mitigated what would have been an even larger increase in obesity rates. There may be a growing divide between those who are physically active and those who are not. i We’re Happy with our Health Care Services 1 87% of Canadians in 2007 said that they rated the quality of health care in their province or territory as excellent or good, up from 84% in 2000-01. The rates were equally high when asked about community-based health care and access to a regular family physician. j There are Interesting Geographic Differences 1 On a number of indicators, there were interesting differences between physical and mental health at the provincial and territorial level. Newfoundlanders, for example, have lower life expectancies and generally higher rates of diabetes and other adverse health conditions; however, they have among the lowest levels of depression and are most likely to consider themselves as having excellent or very good health. 2 On the other hand, British Columbians and Albertans enjoy the longest life expectancies and lowest levels of obesity and diabetes, but they are also more likely than Newfoundlanders to report high levels of depression and less likely to say they are satisfied with the quality of their health services. The reasons for these geographic differences are not known and should be the subject of further inquiry. A Summary (3) - Healthy Populations Domain [HPD] B Trends (5) - Healthy Populations Domain [HPD] C Highlights (10) - Healthy Populations Domain [HPD] - THIS WEB-PAGE R THE CANADIAN INDEX OF WELLBEING NETWORK a Based in the Faculty of Applied Health Sciences at the University of Waterloo, the Canadian Index of Wellbeing Network is an independent, non-partisan group of national and international leaders, researchers, organizations, and grassroots Canadians. b Its mission is to report on wellbeing at the national level and promote a dialogue on how to improve it through evidence-based policies that are responsive to the needs and values of Canadians. c The Network’s signature product is the Canadian Index of Wellbeing (CIW). d The CIW measures Canada’s wellbeing and tracks progress in eight interconnected categories. e It allows us, as Canadians, to see if we are better off or worse off than we used to be - and why. f It helps identify what we need to change to achieve a better outcome and to leave the world a better place for the generations that follow. The Honourable Roy J. Romanow, Chair The Honourable Monique Bégin, Deputy Chair University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1 519-888-4567, ext. 31235 | ciwinfo@uwaterloo.ca | http://www.ciw.ca Home | Research | DED |CVD |ECD | EMD | HPD | LCD | LSD | TUD | Disclaimer | Copyright
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