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Home | Review Minutes | A: Our Inner West 2036 | B: Community Strategic Plan | C: Vision Statement | D: 5 Strategic Directions | E: Key Community Challenges 

Thu 10 Nov 2022								Recipient: 6132MCc1
REF: AECNKAn1			IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST			Y/R: Rate-payers & Councils

Dear Councillors

		IMPACT OF 1066 FRENCH INVASION ON AUSTRALIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT


Members of the OIC Sustainability Action Network [SAN] thought it may be helpful to research the 
impact of Climate Change issues and Carbon Credits in overseas countries.

Whilst the first research project was to understand what progress is being made in Europe after
the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change and Carbon Credits, it becomes quickly apparent 
that the English Local Government system (and subsequent Commonwealth Local Government 
systems) evolved from the Battle of Hasting in 1066 when the Normans under William of 
Normandy defeated the Anglo-Saxon tribes of King Harold of England

At that time all the rest of Europe was divided into Papal States that provided annual tithes to the 
Pope in Rome and where the Holy Roman Emperor starting with Charlamange in AD 800 (statue 
Charlamange by Notre Dame in Paris) collected the tithe from each papal state hence European 
Local Government has evolved very differently

This issue of non-payment of tithes to Rome by England from 1066 culminated in the arrest of 
Richard I in 1192 ("Richard the Lionheart -  king 1189-1199") by the Holy Roman Emperor until the
payment of his ransom of 25% of the total wealth of England was negotiated by his mother 
Eleanor of Aquitaine

At that time Richard I controlled lands from Hadrian's Wall in Scotland to the Pyrenees Mountains
yet spent most of his time fighting the Crusades to liberate Jerusalem from Saladin and Islam

As an example of the difference between British Local Government and European Local 
Government apparently France did not have decentralised local Government until 1980s !

Whereas in England William the Conqueror divided England into 39 Counties and brought 5,000 
Jews from Rouen to identify every asset in England in what is known as the "Doomsday Book" 
which was completed in 1086

As only Jews were allowed to lend money for profit (usury) while the Christian & Islam religions 
banned usury, the Jews remained under the control of the kings of England until 1290

"By the late 1200s, a series of laws had been created restricting the rights of the Jewish people. 

For instance, they were not allowed to own land, and after death their money went, not to their children, 
but directly to the Crown. 

In 1275 King Edward I passed a law forbidding the Jews from usury. 

They were entitled to earn a living as tradesmen or farmers, but were not allowed to be part of guilds or 
to own farmland. 

The Jews became poor and the king could no longer collect taxes from them. 

Many hundreds were arrested, hanged or imprisoned. 

And then finally in 1290, they were banished from England altogether. 

Jews were not allowed to return to England until 1656" 

William not only commissioned the "Doomsday Book" but also the "Bayeux Tapestry" (completed
in the 1070s) which is an embroidered cloth measuring 70-metres long by 50-cm tall and William, 
fearing rebellion from the Anglo-Saxons, built the "Tower of London" in 20-years by bringing 
Masons and stone from France  

Each County was controlled by a Duke with all residents of the County/Shire indentured to the 
Duke who had to provide a certain number of men including armaments and provisions for an 
army if required by the King of England

However this issue of the Dukes providing troops for an army caused problems for King John 
(reigned 1199-1217) as the troops were loyal to the Duke but not to the King, hence in 1213 King 
John issued a tax called "scutage" to pay for a mercenary army loyal to him not the Dukes

Each Duke commissioned a Castle to subdue the local population and these Dukes forced the 
signing of the "Magna Carta" in 1215 by King John  - written in French which was the language 
used English Nobility  until 1399 (330 years after the victory by William the Conqueror at Hastings)

There was almost continuous war with France over the loss of Norman lands in France to French 
Kings eg The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) with the outcome England lost all its French 
possessions except the Pale of Calais which the French finally captured in 1558

The ranks of British Nobility to this day are

	King/Queen				Prince/Princess
	Duke/Duchess				Marquess/Marchioness
	Earl/Countess				Viscount/Viscountess
	Baron/Baroness				Knight/Lady
	
The original French Dukes from Normandy formed the House of Lords in the 11 Century while the 
4,000 knights who invaded with William were subject to "Knight Service" such as guarding a castle 
and organising local markets in the castle grounds - the start of Local Government

The House of Lords is allowed to make Acts so in 1858 The House of Lords passed an Act to 
enable Lord Rothschild to sit in the House of Lords without taking the Christian Oath of Allegiance

As at 30 Sep 2022 there are in the UK 650 democratically elected Members of the House of 
Commons where as there are 808 Members of the Great Britain House of Lords which include 
29 Dukes, 34 Marquesses, 191 Earls, 111 Viscounts and 443 Barons.

There are still 92 Hereditary Lords (a fixed number) elected by other Hereditary Peers, allowed to 
sit in the House of Lords although the 1999 House of Lords Act which received Royal Assent on 
11 Nov 1999, appears to remove the rights of the other 700 Hereditary Lords to pass on their title 
and assets to their eldest son through Primogenture 

However the Dukes have received income from their land holdings for centuries so, now they can 
no longer pass on their land, from where is their income going to be derived ?

Will it come from Carbon Credits ?

In France, Primogeniture disappeared after the French Revolution of 1789 and was replaced by 
dividing the Land assets between all the children of the family in what is called "Partition"

It is also interesting to note this statement on 22 Sep 2022 from the UK Parliament "All EU 
legislation will be amended, repealed, or replaced under the new Brexit Freedoms Bill introduced 
to Parliament today (Thursday 22 Sep 2022), which will end the special legal status of all retained 
EU law by 2023, and give the UK the opportunity to develop new laws that best fit the needs of the 
country and grow"  - let us watch this space for future Local Government issues !

Yours sincerely




Peter AXTENS LLB (Retired)		Stephen GOULD
Chair - NSW Digital Economy Review Cmt	Chair - On-line eBusiness Cmt
SUSTAINABILITY ACTION NETWORK		OPEN INTERCHANGE CONSORTIUM 

B: PO Box 517 Neutral Bay Junction   2089
E: trustee.thd@gmail.com
M: {61}(4)1600-9468


LEGEND

EDI	Electronic Data Interchange
SME	Small and Medium size Enterprises
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC]
XML	Extensible Mark-up Language


I	Other Inner West Council Documents that are part of the CSP2036

	a	Strategies
	b	Plans
	c	Statements
	r	Research References

a	Strategies

Is1 Resourcing Strategy [ReS] 2018-2028 Adopted Jun 2018- PDF File		
Is2 Climate + Renewables Strategy [CRS] - draft On-line		
Is3 Employment and Retail Lands Strategy [EaRLS] - PDF File		
Is4 Housing Strategy [HS] - PDF File
Is5 Integrated Transport Strategy [ITS] Adopted 03 Mar 2020 - PDF File
Is6 Asset Management Strategy [AMS]2018-28 Adopted Jun 2018 - PDF File		
Is7 Workforce Management Strategy [WMS] 2018-22 Adopted Jun 2018 - PDF File		
Is8 Information and Communication Technology [ICT] Strategy 2018-2022 Adopted Jun 2018 - PDF File

b	Plans

Ip1 Community Strategic Plan [CSP] 2036 Endorsed Jun 2019 - On-line
Ip2 Economic Strategic Development Plan [EDSP] draft - On-line
Ip3 Long Term Financial Plan 2019-2029 Adopted Jun 2019 - PDF File

c	Statements

It1 Local Planning Statement [LPS]		

r	References

R6 2019-01-19 Adelaide Advertiser: Compensation paid to Slave Owners 1835 - 2015 (180 yrs)

R5 2003-2014 Value of Volunteers to Australian State Economies

R4 2014-11-07 IBM "Blockchain" solution for the Diamond Industry Video

R3 1997 Lessons from a Dozen Years of Group Support Systems Research - 4,000 IBM projects

R2 Sir Evelyn de Rothschild - Director De Beers 1977-1994 & IBM UK 1972-1995

R1 1987-04-23 RUBAC Automatic eProcess Synchronisation Video

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