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The minutes with links to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
[UNHCR] and Engineers without Borders [EWB] Australia Zambia Refugee project information can 
be reviewed On-line here

These Refugee projects require Capital Equipment, Materials, Perishable Materials as well
as Human Resources to succeed

On-line minutes can be one way of promoting Sponsors' web-sites

The background to this Zambian Refugee project can be reviewed On-line here

		EWB CHALLENGE - UNHCR - ZAMBIA- REFUGEES

	DISCUSSION FORUM 2016 - D: GENERAL DISCUSSION P2 Q&A 21-40/75

Index of questions - General Discussion Section 2 20-41/75 Q&A

D40) Equipment to sterilise - 								1 reply
D39) Transport Costs - 									1 reply
D38) Source Materials - 								1 reply
D37) How much of Mayukwayukwa depends on subsistence farming? - 			2 replies
D36) Resettlement Area -								1 reply
D35) Loans for small businesses -							2 replies
D34) Available Materials - 								2 replies
D33) Food preservation - 								2 replies
D32) Mud Bricks - 									2 replies
D31) Vaccine transport and use - 							2 replies
D30) River Information - 								1 reply
D29) Fire wood sourcing and postal address - 						2 replies
D28) Distance - 									0 reply
D27) Sands and Soils - 									1 reply
D26) Flow Rate of Luena River - 							1 reply
D25) Water Purification - 								1 reply
D24) Fuel efficient stoves - 								1 reply
D23) Low-cost iron filter info - 							10 replies
D23) How do you pronounce Mayukwayukwa? - 						1 reply
D21) Crop watering - 									0 reply

D40) EQUIPMENT TO STERILISE - 1 reply

#1 	Mon, 05/23/2016 - 23:55 		Hugo Cesar Guedes Guerra
Equipment to sterilise

Hello, I am just finishing my design project for the Design Area 2.2 looking for a cheaper
project, me and my group would like to know if there is an autoclave there already in the 
clinic or any kind of pressure chamber. Thanks for the atention! 

#2 	Tue, 05/24/2016 - 15:33 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Hugo,

If you take a look at the 'health' design area on this website, you can see a few photos of 
the equipment available to sterilise equipment at the health clinic.

Good luck with your project		Alison

D39) TRANSPORT COSTS - 1 reply

#1 	Fri, 05/13/2016 - 12:09 		Luke Mannix
Transport Costs

When purchasing materials for our design (such as cement, steel, water tanks etc.) the factor 
of cost of transport in order to get the materials to Mayukwayukwa comes into play. 

I was just wondering if there were any estimates of prices of hiring transport and if they 
would be able to travel to Mayukwayukwa. 

Also, what sort of transport would this be? Thanks for your help 

#2 	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 14:53 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Luke,

I've just posted a response to a similar question on the forum which you might find of use:
http://www.ewbchallenge.org/unhcr-zambia/forum/transportation-information-detail

 You may also want to consider the costs included in the spreadsheet on the 'resources' 
section of this website - while it is unlikely the transport costs for your design will be 
exactly this same, you can use this information to support the estimates you make.

The transport of large amounts of materials, such as the materials for the new boreholes shown 
in the 'water supply and sanitation' design area, requires the use of large trucks. 

Smaller trucks with cargo beds are also available to transport materials into Mayukwayukwa.

Kind Regards		Alison

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia) 

D38) SOURCE MATERIALS - 1 reply

#1 	Sun, 05/15/2016 - 18:00 		James Bosnich
Source Materials

Hi, Our group needs galvanised steel as a material for our design. 

Is this type of material available anywhere in Zambia, or would we need to look at importing it? 

Thanks in advance James 

#2 	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 14:28 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi James,

Steel can be sourced from any larger town in Zambia. 

Steel poles are a key element in the design of the Habitat for Humanity 'roof over the head' 
structure, so perhaps their cost estimates could support your other research and inform the 
estimate you make in your design.

Kind Regards		Alison

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia) 

D37) HOW MUCH OF MAYUKWAYUKWA DEPENDS ON SUBSISTENCE FARMING? - 2 replies

#1 	Mon, 05/09/2016 - 14:33 		Joel McLeod
How much of Mayukwayukwa depends on subsistence farming?

What would be a rough percentage of the settlement that are only able to grow enough food to 
feed themselves (or less)? 

#2 	Wed, 05/18/2016 - 11:53 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Joel,

A large majority of residents in Mayukwayukwa engage in subsistence farming and reports from 
UNHCR show that very few are direct recipients of food aid.

All the best		Alison

#3 	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 14:20 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

You might also be interested in looking through the 'Strategic Framework for the Local 
Integration of Former Refugees in Zambia' posted on the Solutions Alliance website here: 
http://www.solutionsalliance.org/zambia

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia) 


D36) RESETTLEMENT AREA -1 reply

#1 	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 11:37 		John Anagnostopoulos
Resettlement Area

Hello, I am just wanting to know what the average area of each family farm plot is in the 
resettlement section, as well as the total area of the resettlement section? 

#2 	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 14:10 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi John,

You can find this information by looking through the maps on the 'resources' section of this 
website and looking through the 'Strategic Framework for the Local Integration of Former 
Refugees in Zambia' document available on the Solutions Alliance website 
http://www.solutionsalliance.org/zambia

Kind Regards		Alison

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia) 

D35) LOANS FOR SMALL BUSINESSES - 2 replies

#1 	Wed, 04/27/2016 - 20:24 		Melissa Durston (CDU)
Loans for small businesses

Hi, are you able to confirm if small business loans are available within Mayukwayukwa? 

If this is the case can you also tell us who manages the loans? 

We have been reading about other camps in Africa that offer small business loans that are 
managed by village elders. 

#2 	Tue, 05/10/2016 - 10:35 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Melissa,

Apologies for the delay getting back to you - we are just following up more information around 
financing and will post back here.

Kind Regards		Alison

#3 	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 13:23 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Melissa,

Please find the response from Justin, the field professional in Mayukwayukwa, below:

Yes there are small business loans that are managed by UNHCR Implementing Partners such as 
Caritas Czech Republic, Concern Worldwide and Community Development (a government department)

All the best with your project!

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D34) AVAILABLE MATERIALS - 2 replies

#1 	Sat, 04/30/2016 - 10:11 		James Moessis
Available Materials

Hi Alison, the assistance you've given other students so far has helped me out quite a bit. 

I was wondering if any of the following things could be obtained from the markets (or via 
any reasonable means): - Lemons - Sugar - Glass Jars (Or any airtight, sealable container) 

Thankyou so much for your help! 

#2 	Tue, 05/10/2016 - 10:05 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi James,

Glad to hear your project is going well so far! 

Sugar and glass jars are reasonably straight forward to source and we are just following up 
where lemons could be sourced from. I will post back here shortly.

Kind Regards		Alison

#3 	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 13:18 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi James,

Please find the response around lemon availability from Justin, the field professional in 
Mayukwayukwa, below:

Affirmatively yes, but not in large quantities. 

Few locations and households have lemon trees producing the fruit. Thank 

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D33) FOOD PRESERVATION - 2 replies

#1 	Mon, 05/02/2016 - 15:09 		Kathy Bowie
Food preservation

Hi Is poly ethelene readily available? 

If so what is the cost per metre? 

Also what is the cost of structural wood and the dimensions available. 

Is it protected from the elements or is it needed to be oiled? 

Do they use any specific type of mesh or material to keep away the bugs? 

#2 	Fri, 05/06/2016 - 11:47 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Kathy,

Polyethelene is readily available in the form of packaging or bags. 

We are just following up your other questions.

Kind Regards		Alison

#3 	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 13:08 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Kathy,

As a follow up to your other question, community members rarely use mesh or any other materials 
to keep bugs away from food.

Our field professional contact, Justin, who is working with appropriate technology opportunities 
in Mayukwayukwa has shared that a project is currently underway investigating solar dryers to 
improve the drying process of the foodstuffs - in the initial prototypes the food is covered 
in the dryer. 

He notes that this is imperative to consider in your design and looks forward to seeing your 
ideas!

All the best		Alison

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D32) MUD BRICKS - 2 replies

#1 	Mon, 04/25/2016 - 20:51 		Kathryn Dorge
Mud Bricks

Hey, I would just like to enquire about the quality of the mud bricks that are used in the 
Mayukwayukwa settlement and to what lengths they go to obtain this material? 

#2 	Wed, 05/04/2016 - 12:07 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Kathryn,

Apologies for the delay in getting back to you - we are just following this up and will post
back here shortly.

Kind Regards		Alison

#3 	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 13:00 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Kathryn,

Apologies for the delay in getting back to you. 

Please find a response from our field professional contact, Justin, below:

Well, generally, most of them do not buy the bricks in question because they are self-made. 

Houses made out of bricks in the camp without being burnt do not last long. 

Actually, most of the shops and a few houses made out of bricks in such way end up having 
cracks in a short period of time. 

Within a year they begin to experience defects in their structures. 

It would be interesting to notify you that Habitat for Humanity is now buying burnt bricks 
from the community members that have been tasked to make so that they construct houses at 
the integration area that can stand a test of time. 

There is an availability of ant-hills in some locations which they take advantage of to 
make bricks from such soils.

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)


D31) VACCINE TRANSPORT AND USE - 2 replies

#1 	Wed, 04/20/2016 - 16:58 		Luke Birchenough
Vaccine transport and use

Hi there, I would like to know how vaccines are transported to the settlement and how often. 

If the vaccines are stored on ice during transit, is a portion of this ice delivered with the 
vaccines or do they require all of it for further deliveries. 

Additionally, I would like to know if immunisations are planned so all are done on one 
particular day perhaps aligned with a delivery to reduce the storage times or are they 
administered on any day dependant on demand which increases storage requirements. 

#2 	Tue, 04/26/2016 - 11:47 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Luke,

We are just following this up for you and will post back here if we are able to get more 
information.

Kind Regards		Alison

#3 	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 12:34 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Luke,

Apologies for the delay in getting back to you, please find a response to your query below:

Vaccines are transported by the District Health Office (DHO) every two months in iced 
containers (kind of ice containers) to the camp. 

They are also transported in incidences when the camp has run out of stock. 

They are usually stored in refrigerators that are solar powered. 

Immunisations are planned country wide and they do take into consideration of the amount 
required and the capacity of storage of the refrigerators that they have in the camp. 

Thank you

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D30) RIVER INFORMATION - 1 reply

#1 	Sat, 05/07/2016 - 17:52 		Goodwyn Ge
River Information

Hi, I was wondering if you guys can tell us a few things about Luena River, namely 

1	how fast it flows and 

2	what the height difference is between the health clinic and the closest part 
	of the river. 

Thanks, regards Goodwyn 

#2 	Wed, 05/18/2016 - 17:38 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Goodwyn,

The flow rate of the Luena River is not available, so please make a reasonable assumption if 
this is required for your design. 

There are not significant elevation changes between the river and the health clinic - the 
google earth files may assist with getting a visual of the area you are interested in.

All the best		Alison

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D29) FIRE WOOD SOURCING AND POSTAL ADDRESS - 2 replies

#1 	Sun, 05/15/2016 - 20:00 		Tyson-Jae Pampling
Fire wood sourcing and postal adress

Hey, I was wondering how fire wood is sourced currently in Mayukwayukwa (is it safe to assume 
that the camp can provide material for a fire locally and free). 

Also how are fires started e.g. are matches used, flint and steel etc, if so will this need 
to be taken into account for the design and its ability to be sustainable. Thanks, Tyson-Jae 

#2 	Mon, 05/16/2016 - 15:05 		Tyson-Jae Pampling

Sorry about the missleading information, i did not intend to keep 'postal adress' in the title

#3 	Wed, 05/18/2016 - 12:25 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Tyson,

Firewood is generally collected from the surrounding area, although can actually mean walking 
quite far. 

One of the households shared with us that it can take almost an hour and a half to walk back 
and forth to collect the firewood needed for cooking. 

This same family used ashes from a previous fire to start a new one.  

We will look into what the process is if this not option is not available.

Kind Regards		Alison

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D28) DISTANCE - 0 reply

#1 	Tue, 05/17/2016 - 21:34 		Nigel Caldera
Distance

Hi , My team was wondering how much distance is there between the diesel generator, 
schools and to the hospital please . 

An approximate figure or map would be highly grateful Thank you. 

General discussion updated 1 year 11 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D27) SANDS AND SOILS - 1 reply

#1 	Wed, 05/04/2016 - 11:16 		Adam Burkitt
Sands and Soils

what type of sands and gravels are currently in the village? 

#2 	Mon, 05/16/2016 - 16:40 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi again Adam,

The photos here and another resource provided by a student on this thread:

http://www.ewbchallenge.org/unhcr-zambia/forum/soil-report-and-labour 

should help you get an idea of the type of material in the area. 

There is not a specific soil report for Mayukwayukwa available.

Kind Regards		Alison

General discussion updated 1 year 12 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D26) FLOW RATE OF LUENA RIVER - 1 reply

#1 	Wed, 05/04/2016 - 12:57 		Ashley More
Flow Rate of Luena River

Hey, I can't find much information of the rate of flow of the Luena River, especially as it 
flows past the main entrance area of the camp, throughout the year. 

I expect that throughout the wet season it would have a some sort of flow rate and in the dry 
season less so. 

Do you have any idea if the river, especially at any narrow points, has an average substantial 
(noticeable) flow rate? 

#2 	Mon, 05/16/2016 - 16:19 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Ashley,

The photo 'looking along the Luena River' in the 'Climate Change and Agriculture' design area 
was taken at a point along the river near the decomissioned turbine - this, along with the 
waypoints noted in the Google Earth file, can give you an idea of what the river is like at 
a narrower point in the dry season. 

We don't have any measurements around the flow rate of the river.

Kind Regards		Alison

General discussion updated 1 year 12 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)


D25) WATER PURIFICATION - 1 reply

#1 	Wed, 05/04/2016 - 10:11 		Adam Burkitt
Water Purification

I was wondering if they use the water from the boreholes or the wells as their main source of 
drinking water? 

#2 	Thu, 05/12/2016 - 14:02 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Adam,

Whether you access water from a borehole or a well will generally simply depend on which is 
closer to you. 

Occassionally, in the dry season, the wells will dry up (as they are not as deep as the 
boreholes), so residents will walk further to a borehole for drinking water.

All the best		Alison

General discussion updated 1 year 12 months ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D24) FUEL EFFICIENT STOVES - 1 reply

#1 	Fri, 04/29/2016 - 18:34 		Charles Mabbutt
Fuel efficient stoves

Hello, where can i find/ what designs are they using for the fuel efficient stoves? 

#2 	Thu, 05/12/2016 - 13:31 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Charles,

If you take a look at the 'energy' design area, you'll find images of two different types of 
energy efficient cookstoves currently in use - one clay and one metal.

Kind Regards		Alison

General discussion updated 2 years 19 min ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D23) LOW-COST IRON FILTER INFO - 10 replies

#1 	Mon, 03/28/2016 - 07:20 		Tim Buchanan
Low-cost iron filter info

Hi, Our group is working on the low-cost iron filter, and we were wondering if we could obtain 
some information.
 
We would like to know if any tests have been carried out on the water supply, and if there has, 
what the iron content is, and what type of iron was found. 

Cheers, Tim Buchanan (University of Canterbury) 

#2 	Wed, 03/30/2016 - 17:22 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Tim,

The Department of Water Affairs does test the water at various locations in Mayukwayukwa quarterly
and we have access to some of those numbers.  

I am just in the process of confirming that we can post a summary document, but in the meantime, 
the iron levels range from as low as 0.1 mg/litre to as high as 3.2 mg/litre (on that same 
document the WHO standard is listed as 0.3 mg/litre). 

The iron levels tend to be higher in locations where the soil has more clay and lower where the 
soil is sandier.

There is no detail on the type of iron - can you clarify what you mean by this and I can follow 
up?

Kind Regards		Alison

(Reply to #2) #3 	Wed, 05/11/2016 - 20:50 		Shawn Richards

Are you able to post a summary document of the water tests done in Mayukwayukwa by the Department 
of Water Affairs?

(Reply to #3) #4 	Thu, 05/12/2016 - 13:24 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Shawn,

We are not able to post complete documents here, but please let me know if you have any 
specific questions and we will do our best to follow them up.

Kind Regards		Alison

#5 	Thu, 03/31/2016 - 12:34 		I C 

Hi,
Do the water tests indicate the pH of the samples?

(Reply to #5) #6 	Mon, 04/04/2016 - 14:31 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hello,

The pH of the water samples range from 6.1 to 8.

Kind Regards		Alison

#7 	Mon, 04/04/2016 - 12:01 		Khusnil Rajana Deo

do you have information on iron filters that has being successfully implemented in other 
challenges?

(Reply to #7) #8 	Mon, 04/04/2016 - 14:29 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Khusnil,

This is the first time we are running the EWB Challenge with UNHCR in Mayukwayukwa, so there 
haven't been any other iron filters designed as a part of this program.

There have not been any iron filters used in Mayukwayukwa previously, but it's a great idea to 
be on the hunt for examples of successful previous projects! 

It will be interesting to see if you are able to find a bit of research around iron filters that 
have worked around the world and think about how these might function in Mayukwayukwa.

Good luck		Alison

(Reply to #8) #9 	Wed, 04/06/2016 - 12:04 		Khusnil Rajana Deo

Thank you Alison,

Im working on that right now.....

#10 	Wed, 04/06/2016 - 12:14 		Khusnil Rajana Deo

Dear alison,

can you please let me know, 

1	how do the people of the refugee get their fuel/diesel for their generators. 

2	do the member of the community go to the nearest town to buy petrol and 

3	how do they transport it back to the camp. if they are being delivered to the camp by the 
	stakeholders, 

4	is the petrol contained in the drums or gallons etc. 

also ive noticed  from the pictures that the members of the camp carry the bore water from 
the pump back to their home. 

who supplies them with thes conainers. do they just buy it from somewhere or gets them delivered 
by the NGOs.  

many thanks,'khusnil.

(Reply to #10) #11 	Wed, 04/13/2016 - 13:56 		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Khusnil,

Diesel is supplied by the government of Zambia and the UNHCR as are most of the containers used 
to transport water. 

Most refugees in Mayukwayukwa would have very little disposable income and are supported by 
assistance from the government and UNHCR. 

The 'livehoods' video adds a bit of detail around how UNHCR are working to support refugees 
becoming self-sufficient and may be of interest if you haven't taken a look yet.

All the best		Alison

General discussion updated 2 years 26 min ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D22) HOW DO YOU PRONOUNCE MAYUKWAYUKWA? - 1 reply

#1 	Tue, 05/10/2016 - 21:30 		Charlie Schacher
How do you pronounce Mayukwayukwa?

We have a presentation in a few days and it would sure be mighty nice if we were able to actually 
say Mayukwayukwa correctly. Is there anyone that can provide the word in the IPA or even just 
sounding it out, that would be much appreciated. 

#2 	Tue, 05/10/2016 - 22:09 		Jesse Mallen

	May -Yook - Wa - Yook - Wa.

General discussion updated 2 years 1 days ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

D21) CROP WATERING - 0 reply

#1 	Tue, 05/10/2016 - 13:11 		Daniel Williams 
Crop watering

Dear EWB, I was just wondering what is the current method of watering crops on a farm, as in 
the new resettlement area where the family is supplied with a plot of land? 

Do they use buckets or watering cans or something else? and do they use much water during the 
wet season? or does the rain suffice for crop water? Thank you 

General discussion updated 2 years 2 days ago Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)


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