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The minutes with links to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
[UNHCR] and Engineers without Borders [EWB] Australia Zambia Refugee project information can 
be reviewed On-line here

These Refugee projects require Capital Equipment, Materials, Perishable Materials as well
as Human Resources to succeed

On-line minutes can be one way of promoting Sponsors' web-sites

The background to this Zambian Refugee project can be reviewed On-line here

		EWB CHALLENGE - UNHCR - ZAMBIA- REFUGEES

	DISCUSSION FORUM 2016 - B: COMMUNITY & CULTURE Q&A 2016-15Q

Index of questions - Community & Culture Issues - 15 Questions by 1st year Students

B15)	Basic Literacy Skills						1 Reply
B14)	Do the different groups mix					1 Reply
B13)	Women's Health							4 Replies
B12)	Bone Char - Community Opinion					1 Reply
B11)	Food Preservation						1 Reply
B10)	Cultural Opposition to alcohol					1 Reply
B 9)	Diseases from water quality					1 Reply
B 8)	Primary Ethno-Linguistic Groups 				1 Reply 
B 7)	Market frequency						1 Reply 
B 6)	Demographic							1 Reply 
B 5)	Events in Mayukwayukwa						1 Reply
B 4)	Cultural attitudes towards the internet				1 Reply
B 3)	Age of population in Mayukwayukwa				1 Reply
B 2)	Oven Pictured							1 Reply
B 1)	Latitude/Longitude of Mayukwayukwa				1 Reply

B15)	BASIC LITERACY SKILLS		1 REPLY

#1	Wed, 08/31/2016 - 10:29		Joel Thomas
Literacy

Hi Alison, this may be a silly question, but in the introduction to the challenge
it says that the young people in Mayukwayukwa have basic literacy skills, in the 
context of reading and writing, would this be in their native language or Portuguese 
or English? Thanks for any help

#2	Fri, 09/09/2016 - 14:57		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Joel,

Apologies for the delay getting back to you - not a silly question at all, it's actually 
a really interesting topic!

Take a look at this article for some insight into this interesting issue:
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.548.3665&rep=rep1&type=pdf

If the link doesn't work, you should be able to find it on Google Scholar by searching the 
title 'Language of instruction and the quality of basic education in Zambia' - 
by Shay LINEHAN dated 2004

All the best	Alison

B14)	DO THE DIFFERENT GROUPS MIX		1 REPLY

#1	Mon, 08/29/2016 - 14:08		Grace Stephenson
Do the different groups mix

Hi there, We are trying to design a recreational shelter for the people in the community, 
and we were wondering if the different groups in the camp are happy to mingle in the same 
spaces or if they prefer to stay segregated? Many thanks!

#2	Sat, 09/03/2016 - 12:41		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Grace,

I am following up this question with our field contact and will post back here shortly.

All the best	Alison

#3	Tue, 09/06/2016 - 10:34		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Grace,

Please find Justin's response below:

Well, that is a nice project.  

There are many different age groups in the camp that are happy for sure to mingle around 
the same spaces. 

In case of coming up with a recreation shelter, kindly put in place measures that will 
promote sustainability so that it can stay a long period of time once it is established. 

They usually interact together and there are no observed trends of segregation. 

I wish you the best	Alison

B13)	WOMEN'S HEALTH						4 REPLIES

#1	Mon, 08/15/2016 - 15:03		Thenu Herath
Women's Health

Hi! Are there any statistics/information/quotes specific to Mayukwayukwa on the 
difficulties posed to women during menstruation? eg. inability to go to school/work, 
health issues, taboo etc.

#2	Tue, 08/23/2016 - 13:25		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Thenu,

A Community Services Assistant in the UNHCR Kaoma office was able to share a bit of 
background on women's health and challenges faced during menstruation. 

She shared that UNHCR is supporting women by providing material that can be cut to be 
used as sanitary pads. 

UNHCR generally provides 2 2mx2m chitenges per woman, a bar of soap, and additional 
underwear. 

The chitenges are cut into pieces and are washed and reused. 

She did mention that the chitenges are dried inside after washing (for privacy) unlike 
other clothes which are dried outside - so there might be issues associated with not 
receiving as much air or sunlight, however she was not sure about this.

UNHCR is looking for a more sustainable way to support women, other than the current 
process of handing out chitenges 'now and then'.

One 'eco pad' option was investigated - a sanitary pad that is washable and reusable - 
however this option was very expensive in terms of price per unit so was not pursued.

All the best	Alison

(Reply to #2)#3	Tue, 08/23/2016 - 23:56		Thenu Herath

Thank you very much for your reply Alison. 

Do you by any chance know how much the current 2 x 2 chitenges cost?

Kind Regards	Thenu

#4	Mon, 08/29/2016 - 12:19		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Thenu,

I'm just following this up for you and will post back here shortly.

All the best	Alison

(Reply to #4)#5	Tue, 09/06/2016 - 10:23		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Thenu,

Please find Justin's response below:

Hello,

The cost of chitenge materials varies depending on the size and quality and the location 
from which it is sold. 

The cheapest (2m x 1m) usually in Kaoma costs about 20 ZMK to 30 ZMK and the good quality
ones costs 40 ZMK. 

In Lusaka, they are cheaper compared to Kaoma.	Thank you 

B12)	BONE CHAR - COMMUNITY OPINION		1 REPLY

#1	Sun, 08/28/2016 - 22:00		Tobias Ray-Zwar
Bone Char - Community Opinion

Hi, I am looking into bone char filters, and I am wondering what the community opinion 
of bone char is? 

Are they willing to drink water that has been filtered through charred animal bones? 

(If the process is done properly there should not be any water aesthetic changes, it 
should actually remove discolouration, and some bade taste and smell). 

Regards, Tobias

#2	Sat, 09/03/2016 - 11:51		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Tobias,

As water filtration using bone char is not a process that is currently used locally, 
you can expect this technique would be unfamiliar to most residents of Mayukwayukwa.

As you might expect, this means that the communication and community engagement 
component of your project is quite important - how can you share the benefit of this 
process, especially if there are no visible changes to the water? 

You might be able to get a few ideas by looking at the way Concern Worldwide engages 
ith the community on agriculture projects in Mayukwayukwa or by researching how similar 
water filters have been successful in other communities - neither case will be directly 
identical, but you should be able to draw lessons and make recommendations based on 
these experiences.

All the best	Alison

B11)	FOOD PRESERVATION	1 Reply

#1	Tue, 08/09/2016 - 14:47		Darcy Pointer
Food Preservation

Hi. My group and I were wondering if you could help with data concerning the mango 
harvested.

There was a question some months ago about the amount of mango produced. 

Is there updated data on this? 

If not, is there an estimate of how many trees there are? 

How much are the mangoes sold for? 

Is there some measurement for how much of the mango is sold to the surrounding settlements? 

Cheers.

#2	Wed, 08/17/2016 - 17:09		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Darcy,

You're correct, there have been a few posts on this forum on mangoes and I think the follow 
up responses could be helpful. 

The challenge here is that the mango trees are wild, and therefore it is very difficult to 
measure their prevalence. 

For example, you'll notice that mangoes are not included on the 'Crop Forecast' available 
in the 'Resources' section of the website. 

Regarding questions around the amount of mangoes in Mayukwayukwa, the following posts 
might be helpful: 

http://www.ewbchallenge.org/unhcr-zambia/forum/quantity-mangoes-wasted-each-season
http://www.ewbchallenge.org/unhcr-zambia/forum/mangoes-and-many-facets
http://www.ewbchallenge.org/unhcr-zambia/forum/wasted-mangoes

In November, they could be bought for approximately 3 mangoes/1 kwacha, but they could also 
be picked from the trees with the right tools (or agility!). 

They are only sold locally at the moment, rather than to the wider area.

All the best	Alison

B10)	CULTURAL OPPOSITION TO ALCOHOL		1 REPLY

#1	Tue, 05/10/2016 - 23:11		Jesse Mallen
Cultural Opposition to alcohol

Hi Alison, This seems a bit left field, but are there any social or cultural objections by 
the community to the consumption or the production of alcohol? 

To expand upon that, are there any societal problems you foresee that could arise from 
producing or storing alcohol? eg, theft (if crime is a problem), or safety in storage. 

Thank you.

#2	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 15:04		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Jesse,

This is a really interesting question and great to see your team is thinking about the 
impact your design might have on the community. 

We are just following this up more specifically, but in the meantime, it would be great 
to see in your design report a bit of research and thinking around the possible risks 
associated with alcohol production and how these might be mitigated.

Kind Regards	Alison

#3	Thu, 06/02/2016 - 14:45		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Jesse,

Justin, a field professional in Zambia, has shared a bit of background around alcohol 
production and consumption in Mayukwayukwa.

Justin has passed on that there is one main club that serves alcohol and where people 
will go for entertainment. 

There are also smaller structures nearby the market that stock alcohol. 

However this alcohol is not affordable to everyone in the community - for example, 
most young people drink locally brewed beer (which is quite cheap) and there is an 
issue with some people producing their own alcohol that is dangerous to consume. 

Places that serve alcohol are occasionally locations of crime and more commonly of 
theft and fighting. 

These themes could be considered common to most venues where alcohol is sold, not 
just in Mayukwayukwa. 

So perhaps, as mentioned in the comment above, your design could recognise these 
risks and think about what type of actives or systems would mitigate them.

All the best	Alison

B9)	DISEASES FROM WATER QUALITY		1 REPLY

#1	Thu, 05/12/2016 - 10:05		Ezekiel Samar
Diseases from water quality

Hello, Due to the water quality in Mayukwayukwa, what is the most common disease 
that is caught from drinking water that is highly concentrated with iron? 

Thanks, Ezekiel

#2	Tue, 05/24/2016 - 16:03		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Ezekiel,

The primary reasons the Department of Water Affairs would like to reduce the iron 
concentration in the water they provide to residents actually has more to do with 
the taste and color of the water as well as possible long term health implications 
as oppose to the immediate impact of disease. 

DWA recommends all residents boil their water to mitigate risks, however this has 
less to do with iron and more to do with residual bacteria in water collection 
buckets and other concerns.

Kind Regards	Alison

B8)	PRIMARY ETHNO-LINGUISTIC GROUPS 		1 REPLY

#1	Sat, 04/09/2016 - 10:28		Sam Bradley
Primary Ethno-Linguistic Groups

Hi, we are attempting to ensure that our project would be culturally acceptable to 
the local population, including local Zambians, refugees remaining in the camps, and 
the soon-to-be integrated refugees. 

We know from the brief that the refugees are primarily of Congolese, Angolan and 
Rwandan extraction, but a quick search shows that Angola alone comprises over 
100 distinct ethno-linguistic groups. 

I would assume that there are a much smaller number of dominant ethnicities present 
in and around Mayukwayukwa, but can someone please tell me who they are? 

So far my best information says that the Angolese being integrated into Zambia are 
largely of the Lovale group, but any further information would be fantastic. 

Is there are dominant lingua franca common to all groups? 

English or Portuguese perhaps?

#2	Thu, 04/14/2016 - 11:01		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Sam,

Apologies for the delay in getting back to you, I am following this up with our field 
volunteer and will post back here.

All the best	Alison

#3	Thu, 05/19/2016 - 10:44		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Sam,

Please find the response to your query below. I hope it is of use and apologies for 
the delay.

Indeed there are a much smaller number of dominant ethnicities present in and around 
Mayukwayukwa and these include: the Mbunda, Chokwe, Lozi, Luchazi and the Nkoyas.
 
There are two common local languages spoken among the host communities and the 
integrated former refugees and these are Mbunda and Lozi. 

However, a few typical Angolans may not understand Lozi until Mbunda or Portuguese 
is communicated to them.

All the best	Alison

B7)	MARKET FREQUENCY					1 REPLY

#1	Mon, 05/02/2016 - 00:26		Brennan Ploughman
Market frequency

Hi there, Just wondering how often and for what duration the markets operate? 
I'm assuming they're daily? Thanks

#2	Thu, 05/12/2016 - 13:28		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Brennan,

The market in the Mayukwayukwa refugee settlement is open every day, during the day. 

The market is not open when it is dark, but I am not sure whether that is due to the 
limited availability of electricity or lifestyle or other factors. 

The market in the resettlement area is in the process of being established, but I 
believe the intent is for it to be open each day as well.

Kind Regards	Alison

B6)	DEMOGRAPHIC						1 REPLY

#1	Sat, 04/30/2016 - 17:23		Jonatan Cooper
Demographic

Hi, I just wanted to get a rundown of the demographics of the refugee camp if it would 
be possible. Regards, Jonatan

#2	Tue, 05/10/2016 - 11:00		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Jonatan,

You can find information around the demographics of Mayukwayukwa on this post:
http://www.ewbchallenge.org/unhcr-zambia/forum/age-population-mayukwayukwa

and by looking through the 'Strategic Framework for the Local Integration of Former 
Refugees in Zambia' available at this link:
http://www.endingdisplacement.org/thematic-groups/zambia-national-group/

All the best	Alison

B5)	EVENTS IN MAYUKWAYUKWA			1 REPLY

#1	Wed, 05/04/2016 - 13:33		Sean Kuerschner
Events in Mayukwayukwa

Hello. Does the refugee settlement celebrate any major events, if so what are they and 
how are they celebrated (do a large number of people come together)?

#2	Mon, 05/09/2016 - 16:19		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Sean,

There are occasions where large numbers of people in Mayukwayukwa come together, some 
more formally organised than others.

One of the largest events is World Refugee Day for which UNHCR organises celebrations 
(some pictures from an event in Meheba can be found here:
https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.641034365985789.1073741829.394743403948221&type=3). 

Caritas Czech Republic also organises entrepreneurship events - one in November was called 
'I Live to be an Entreprenuer' and incorporated speeches, dances and skits from students, 
and a selection of stalls showcasing local items.

All the best	Alison

B4)	CULTURAL ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE INTERNET	1 REPLY

#1	Sat, 04/23/2016 - 12:59		David Stewart
Cultural attitudes towards the internet

Hi there, I was wondering if there was a prevailing attitude the locals had towards 
internet use. 

For instance, is there a concern that unrestricted internet access would expose children 
to harmful materials? 

Does the Government have a strict filtering program in place?

#2	Tue, 04/26/2016 - 14:08		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi David,

Our conversations with implementing partners and community members around internet access 
highlighted the opportunities that would be opened up through increased access to 
information and communication. 

For example, individuals with smart phones were interested in using facebook and 
whatsapp to communicate. 

Additionally, computers in schools would enable students to do more research for their 
school projects and could allow them to link up with students in other locations (like 
this discussion forum!).

A filtering program did not come up in conversation, however this might be something you 
are able to find out more about through additional research.

Kind Regards	Alison

B3)	AGE OF POPULATION IN MAYUKWAYUKWA	1 REPLY

#1	Thu, 04/14/2016 - 23:33		Hieu Le
Age of population in Mayukwayukwa

I am inform statistics or number for the age in Mayukwayukwa, such as youth occupy in 
the most population age over there, or adult and elderly?

#2	Sat, 04/16/2016 - 13:43		Julian Rooney

Hi Hieu, I found this document: Zambia Health And Demographic Survey 2014 here:
http://www.ewbchallenge.org/challenge/1351/node/1404

I see no statistics for Mayukwayukwa, but it gives you the idea.

For example, page 22, across the whole of rural Zambia 65.2% of males are between 0-19 
years old, while 60.2% of females are between 0-19 years old.

#3	Wed, 04/20/2016 - 10:49		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Great research Julian and thank you for sharing!

The information we have around the profile of Angolan refugees in both Mayukwayukwa and 
Meheba supports your research. 

An age survey is broken down into the following categories: 0-4, 5-11, 12-17, 18-59 and 
60+.
 
Approximately 56% of men and women fall in the first three categories.

All the best	Alison

B2)	OVEN PICTURED						1 REPLY

#1	Sun, 04/03/2016 - 10:36		Aaron Duivenvoorden
Oven Pictured

In regards to the oven pictured in the food processing design section, could you let 
us know how often this oven is used per day/week, as well as exact dimensions if 
possible, and if any other ovens which are similar exist in the community? Thanks.

#2	Mon, 04/04/2016 - 14:50		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Hi Aaron,

This oven is in the shop of a baker in the Mayukwayukwa refugee camp market. 

This is not something you would see in the average household in Mayukwayukwa - you 
would likely only see one in a shop in a marketplace. 

As it is used for making bread for sale, you should be able to make an assumption 
around how frequently it would be used based on other factors in your design.

While we don't have detail on the exact dimensions, you should be able to make a 
reasonable assumption from the photo provided. 

Kind Regards	Alison

B1)	LATITUDE/LONGITUDE OF MAYUKWAYUKWA	1 REPLY

#1	Fri, 03/18/2016 - 09:57		Maja Gajic
Latitude/Longitude of Mayukwayukwa

Hello. Can you please let us know the coordinates of Mayukwayukwa so we can find it on 
Google Earth. Thanks

#2	Sat, 03/19/2016 - 13:23		Aaron Vines

Hello,

Copy paste  "-15.05770, 24.446775" into Google Earth will put you at the location of 
the Mayukwayukwa camp. 

It's located a short distance from the town of Luampa.

Good luck	Aaron

#3	Thu, 03/24/2016 - 16:08		Alison Stoakley (EWB Australia)

Thanks, Aaron!

I've also just posted a KML file in the 'resources' section that you should be able 
view in Google Earth:

http://www.ewbchallenge.org/challenge/1351/node/1538
Good luck!	Alison



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